Alabama A&M
Season Statistics
Overall Statistics
2004 Alabama A&M Baseball
Overall Statistics for Alabama A&M (as of Mar 04, 2009)
(All games Sorted by Batting avg)
Record: 13-32 Home: 9-13 Away: 4-19 SWAC: 8-20
Player AVG GP-GS AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI TB SLG% BB HBP SO GDP OB% SF SH SB-ATT PO A E FLD%
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... .322 41-41 121 25 39 8 6 2 22 65 .537 12 7 22 2 .414 0 1 5-7 94 1 6 .941
15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. .320 44-44 122 14 39 8 0 0 27 47 .385 10 5 15 4 .391 1 1 2-5 68 77 12 .924
5 ELLISON,Damian... .316 44-44 136 27 43 10 2 4 22 69 .507 15 2 23 2 .390 1 5 6-8 34 65 18 .846
19 OWENS, Lecaris... .306 40-36 121 25 37 5 1 1 19 47 .388 11 2 30 1 .373 0 4 4-5 196 8 7 .967
4 HARRISON, Jason.. .291 24-19 55 15 16 4 1 1 3 25 .455 8 0 7 0 .375 1 1 1-2 82 18 4 .962
18 FLORES, Wigberto. .270 26-25 63 10 17 2 0 0 4 19 .302 7 0 13 0 .343 0 4 1-2 24 2 0 1.000
1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... .262 35-31 84 21 22 3 2 0 6 29 .345 15 8 20 0 .421 0 3 10-12 8 0 0 1.000
25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. .257 40-36 113 20 29 10 0 1 17 42 .372 11 1 35 0 .325 1 1 5-6 150 4 2 .987
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. .250 1-0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 .250 0 0 2 0 .250 0 0 0-1 5 1 1 .857
6 WEEKS, Dustin.... .236 44-44 140 20 33 4 0 1 17 40 .286 12 5 23 0 .313 3 5 6-6 61 129 16 .922
2 MITCHELL, Latrell .212 27-23 66 10 14 2 1 0 10 18 .273 8 0 9 1 .293 1 3 2-2 34 3 1 .974
21 KAYODE, Olumide.. .207 27-19 58 6 12 3 0 0 9 15 .259 4 1 14 0 .270 0 0 4-4 25 2 1 .964
32 MOORE, Arthur.... .181 30-27 72 12 13 4 0 1 10 20 .278 10 8 22 0 .344 0 2 2-2 84 14 4 .961
12 ROBERTS, Eugene.. .176 20-5 34 6 6 0 0 0 2 6 .176 5 1 7 0 .293 1 0 3-4 13 0 1 .929
13 SANDERS, Gerald.. .143 8-1 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 .143 0 0 3 0 .143 0 0 2-2 2 3 0 1.000
8 HENRY, Douglas... .000 3-1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 3 0 .000 0 0 0-0 1 0 0 1.000
Totals.............. .268 44-44 1200 212 322 63 13 11 168 444 .370 128 40 248 10 .356 9 30 53-68 895 371 85 .937
Opponents........... .317 44-44 1257 366 398 81 26 34 300 633 .504 212 67 166 18 .434 23 21 97-116 923 406 78 .945
LOB - Team (272), Opp (319). DPs turned - Team (23), Opp (19). IBB - Team (2), WOOLEY, J. 1, ELLISON, D. 1, Opp (2). Picked
off - WEEKS, D. 3, FLORES, W. 2, MITCHELL, L. 2, LOVEJOY, K. 1, CHILDRESS, T 1, ELLISON, D. 1, WOOLEY, J. 1.
(All games Sorted by Earned run avg)
Player ERA W-L APP GS CG SHO/CBO SV IP H R ER BB SO 2B 3B HR AB B/Avg WP HBP BK SFA SHA
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 5.18 0-5 10 8 1 0/0 0 40.0 55 46 23 19 20 11 3 3 169 .325 6 10 1 4 5
17 DEESE, Joshua.... 6.00 0-0 7 0 0 0/0 1 9.0 11 11 6 8 4 2 1 1 38 .289 0 2 1 1 1
24 HILL, Justin..... 6.28 4-8 14 11 3 0/0 0 61.2 74 54 43 22 37 16 7 6 254 .291 8 10 3 5 3
10 KINDER, Charles.. 6.57 5-3 14 5 0 0/0 0 38.1 40 31 28 29 17 13 2 1 147 .272 6 6 0 4 2
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 6.97 0-0 6 0 0 0/0 0 10.1 10 8 8 9 6 0 0 1 40 .250 4 1 0 0 0
22 OWENS, Terry..... 7.30 3-5 11 10 3 0/0 0 53.0 66 58 43 33 42 11 5 6 223 .296 11 6 10 2 5
16 CLARK, Myron..... 7.71 0-0 3 0 0 0/0 0 2.1 5 8 2 5 0 1 0 0 13 .385 2 2 0 0 0
29 WILLIAMS, Richard 8.78 0-0 7 2 0 0/0 0 13.1 18 19 13 11 7 4 0 1 54 .333 1 6 0 1 1
8 HENRY, Douglas... 9.82 1-1 10 2 0 0/0 2 14.2 21 27 16 13 13 4 1 3 71 .296 7 5 0 1 0
20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 10.58 0-4 12 5 0 0/0 1 32.1 53 50 38 27 12 14 4 4 145 .366 8 5 0 1 2
27 GILMORE, Craig... 12.74 0-3 10 1 0 0/0 0 17.2 34 28 25 15 6 5 1 5 76 .447 2 10 0 3 2
3 PATTERSON, Robert 36.00 0-2 2 0 0 0/0 0 2.0 2 8 8 6 1 0 1 0 8 .250 1 1 0 0 0
23 CORNWELL, Michael 44.18 0-0 6 0 0 0/0 0 3.2 9 18 18 15 1 0 1 3 19 .474 5 3 2 1 0
Totals.............. 8.18 13-31 44 44 7 0/0 4 298.1 398 366 271 212 166 81 26 34 1257 .317 61 67 17 23 21
Opponents........... 3.60 31-13 44 44 15 3/2 4 307.2 322 212 123 128 248 63 13 11 1200 .268 19 40 11 9 30
PB - Team (39), MOORE, A. 21, HARRISON, J. 17, OWENS, L. 1, Opp (12). Pickoffs - Team (0), Opp (11). SBA/ATT - HARRISON, J.
(43-55), MOORE, A. (51-55), HILL, J. (23-29), OWENS, T. (14-20), EDWARDS, D. (14-16), KINDER, C. (10-11), WILLIAMS, R. (8-9),
COLEMAN, S. (7-9), KENNEDY, S. (8-9), HENRY, D. (5-5), OWENS, L. (3-3), DEESE, J. (3-3), CORNWELL, M. (2-2), GILMORE, C.
(2-2), CLARK, M. (1-1).
2004 Alabama A&M Baseball
Overall Statistics for Alabama A&M (as of Mar 04, 2009)
(All games Sorted by Fielding pct)
Player C PO A E FLD% DPs SBA CSB SBA% PB CI
18 FLORES, Wigberto. 26 24 2 0 1.000 0 0 0 --- 0 0
20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 12 4 8 0 1.000 1 14 2 .875 0 0
1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 8 8 0 0 1.000 0 0 0 --- 0 0
13 SANDERS, Gerald.. 5 2 3 0 1.000 0 0 0 --- 0 0
29 WILLIAMS, Richard 4 0 4 0 1.000 1 8 1 .889 0 0
27 GILMORE, Craig... 3 1 2 0 1.000 0 2 0 1.000 0 0
17 DEESE, Joshua.... 2 1 1 0 1.000 0 3 0 1.000 0 0
8 HENRY, Douglas... 1 1 0 0 1.000 0 5 0 1.000 0 0
23 CORNWELL, Michael 1 1 0 0 1.000 0 2 0 1.000 0 0
25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 156 150 4 2 .987 11 0 0 --- 0 0
2 MITCHELL, Latrell 38 34 3 1 .974 0 0 0 --- 0 0
19 OWENS, Lecaris... 211 196 8 7 .967 10 3 0 1.000 1 0
21 KAYODE, Olumide.. 28 25 2 1 .964 0 0 0 --- 0 0
4 HARRISON, Jason.. 104 82 18 4 .962 0 43 12 .782 17 0
32 MOORE, Arthur.... 102 84 14 4 .961 1 51 4 .927 21 0
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 101 94 1 6 .941 0 0 0 --- 0 0
12 ROBERTS, Eugene.. 14 13 0 1 .929 0 0 0 --- 0 0
15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 157 68 77 12 .924 16 0 0 --- 0 0
6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 206 61 129 16 .922 22 0 0 --- 0 0
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 7 5 1 1 .857 1 8 1 .889 0 0
5 ELLISON,Damian... 117 34 65 18 .846 0 0 0 --- 0 0
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 13 3 8 2 .846 1 7 2 .778 0 0
24 HILL, Justin..... 16 1 12 3 .813 0 23 6 .793 0 0
22 OWENS, Terry..... 14 2 7 5 .643 0 14 6 .700 0 0
10 KINDER, Charles.. 5 1 2 2 .600 0 10 1 .909 0 0
3 PATTERSON, Robert 0 0 0 0 .000 0 0 0 --- 0 0
16 CLARK, Myron..... 0 0 0 0 .000 0 1 0 1.000 0 0
Totals.............. 1351 895 371 85 .937 23 97 19 .836 39 0
Opponents........... 1407 923 406 78 .945 19 53 15 .779 12 0
Category Leaders
2004 Alabama A&M Baseball
Batting Leaders for Alabama A&M (as of Mar 04, 2009)
(All games)
Hitting minimums - 1 Games
Pitching minimums - 1 Games
Batting avg
-----------
1. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... .322
2. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. .320
3. 5 ELLISON,Damian... .316
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... .306
5. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. .291
Slugging pct
------------
1. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... .537
2. 5 ELLISON,Damian... .507
3. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. .455
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... .388
5. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. .385
On base pct
-----------
1. 1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... .421
2. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... .414
3. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. .391
4. 5 ELLISON,Damian... .390
5. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. .375
Runs scored
-----------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 27
2. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 25
19 OWENS, Lecaris... 25
4. 1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 21
5. 2 tied at........... 20
Hits
----
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 43
2. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 39
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 39
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 37
5. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 33
Runs batted in
--------------
1. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 27
2. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 22
5 ELLISON,Damian... 22
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 19
5. 2 tied at........... 17
Doubles
-------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 10
25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 10
3. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 8
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 8
5. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 5
Triples
-------
1. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 6
2. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 2
1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 2
4. 3 tied at........... 1
Home runs
---------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 4
2. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 2
3. 5 tied at........... 1
Total bases
-----------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 69
2. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 65
3. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 47
19 OWENS, Lecaris... 47
5. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 42
Walks
-----
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 15
1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 15
3. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 12
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 12
5. 2 tied at........... 11
Hit by pitch
------------
1. 1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 8
32 MOORE, Arthur.... 8
3. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 7
4. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 5
15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 5
Sac bunts
---------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 5
5 ELLISON,Damian... 5
3. 18 FLORES, Wigberto. 4
19 OWENS, Lecaris... 4
5. 2 tied at........... 3
Sac flies
---------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 3
2. 6 tied at........... 1
Stolen bases
------------
1. 1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 10
2. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 6
5 ELLISON,Damian... 6
4. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 5
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 5
Caught stealing
---------------
1. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 3
2. 1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 2
5 ELLISON,Damian... 2
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 2
5. 6 tied at........... 1
Steal attempts
--------------
1. 1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 12
2. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 8
3. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 7
4. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 6
25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 6
Stolen base pct
---------------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 1.000
32 MOORE, Arthur.... 1.000
2 MITCHELL, Latrell 1.000
21 KAYODE, Olumide.. 1.000
13 SANDERS, Gerald.. 1.000
Strikeouts
----------
1. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 35
2. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 30
3. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 23
6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 23
5. 2 tied at........... 22
Grounded into DP
----------------
1. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 4
2. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 2
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 2
4. 2 MITCHELL, Latrell 1
19 OWENS, Lecaris... 1
Total plate appearances
-----------------------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 165
2. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 159
3. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 141
4. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 139
5. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 138
At bats
-------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 140
2. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 136
3. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 122
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 121
7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 121
Games played
------------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 44
6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 44
15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 44
4. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 41
5. 2 tied at........... 40
Game starts
-----------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 44
6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 44
15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 44
4. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 41
5. 2 tied at........... 36
Games as sub
------------
1. 12 ROBERTS, Eugene.. 15
2. 21 KAYODE, Olumide.. 8
3. 13 SANDERS, Gerald.. 7
4. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. 5
5. 4 tied at........... 4
2004 Alabama A&M Baseball
Pitching Leaders for Alabama A&M (as of Mar 04, 2009)
(All games)
Hitting minimums - 1 Games
Pitching minimums - 1 Games
Earned run avg
--------------
1. 11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 5.18
2. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 6.00
3. 24 HILL, Justin..... 6.28
4. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 6.57
5. 14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 6.97
Opposing bat avg
----------------
1. 14 KENNEDY, Steven.. .250
3 PATTERSON, Robert .250
3. 10 KINDER, Charles.. .272
4. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... .289
5. 24 HILL, Justin..... .291
Won-loss pct
------------
1. 10 KINDER, Charles.. .625
2. 8 HENRY, Douglas... .500
3. 22 OWENS, Terry..... .375
4. 24 HILL, Justin..... .333
5. 27 GILMORE, Craig... .000
Wins
----
1. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 5
2. 24 HILL, Justin..... 4
3. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 3
4. 8 HENRY, Douglas... 1
Losses
------
1. 24 HILL, Justin..... 8
2. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 5
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 5
4. 20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 4
5. 2 tied at........... 3
Saves
-----
1. 8 HENRY, Douglas... 2
2. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 1
20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 1
Innings pitched
---------------
1. 24 HILL, Justin..... 61.2
2. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 53.0
3. 11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 40.0
4. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 38.1
5. 20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 32.1
Batters struck out
------------------
1. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 42
2. 24 HILL, Justin..... 37
3. 11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 20
4. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 17
5. 8 HENRY, Douglas... 13
Appearances
-----------
1. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 14
24 HILL, Justin..... 14
3. 20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 12
4. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 11
5. 3 tied at........... 10
Games started
-------------
1. 24 HILL, Justin..... 11
2. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 10
3. 11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 8
4. 20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 5
10 KINDER, Charles.. 5
Games finished
--------------
1. 8 HENRY, Douglas... 6
27 GILMORE, Craig... 6
3. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 5
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 5
5. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 4
Games in relief
---------------
1. 27 GILMORE, Craig... 9
10 KINDER, Charles.. 9
3. 8 HENRY, Douglas... 8
4. 20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 7
17 DEESE, Joshua.... 7
Wild pitches
------------
1. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 11
2. 24 HILL, Justin..... 8
20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 8
4. 8 HENRY, Douglas... 7
5. 2 tied at........... 6
Balks
-----
1. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 10
2. 24 HILL, Justin..... 3
3. 23 CORNWELL, Michael 2
4. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 1
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 1
Hit batters
-----------
1. 27 GILMORE, Craig... 10
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 10
24 HILL, Justin..... 10
4. 3 tied at........... 6
Intentional BB allowed
----------------------
1. 27 GILMORE, Craig... 2
Runners picked off
------------------
Batters SO out looking
----------------------
1. 24 HILL, Justin..... 12
2. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 8
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 8
4. 29 WILLIAMS, Richard 5
5. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 4
Sac bunts allowed
-----------------
1. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 5
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 5
3. 24 HILL, Justin..... 3
4. 3 tied at........... 2
Sac flies allowed
-----------------
1. 24 HILL, Justin..... 5
2. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 4
11 COLEMAN, Samuel.. 4
4. 27 GILMORE, Craig... 3
5. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 2
Hits allowed
------------
1. 3 PATTERSON, Robert 2
2. 16 CLARK, Myron..... 5
3. 23 CORNWELL, Michael 9
4. 14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 10
5. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 11
Runs allowed
------------
1. 3 PATTERSON, Robert 8
16 CLARK, Myron..... 8
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 8
4. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 11
5. 23 CORNWELL, Michael 18
Earned runs allowed
-------------------
1. 16 CLARK, Myron..... 2
2. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 6
3. 14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 8
3 PATTERSON, Robert 8
5. 29 WILLIAMS, Richard 13
Walks allowed
-------------
1. 16 CLARK, Myron..... 5
2. 3 PATTERSON, Robert 6
3. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 8
4. 14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 9
5. 29 WILLIAMS, Richard 11
Doubles allowed
---------------
1. 23 CORNWELL, Michael 0
3 PATTERSON, Robert 0
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 0
4. 16 CLARK, Myron..... 1
5. 17 DEESE, Joshua.... 2
Triples allowed
---------------
1. 29 WILLIAMS, Richard 0
16 CLARK, Myron..... 0
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 0
4. 3 PATTERSON, Robert 1
17 DEESE, Joshua.... 1
Home runs allowed
-----------------
1. 3 PATTERSON, Robert 0
16 CLARK, Myron..... 0
3. 10 KINDER, Charles.. 1
14 KENNEDY, Steven.. 1
17 DEESE, Joshua.... 1
2004 Alabama A&M Baseball
Fielding Leaders for Alabama A&M (as of Mar 04, 2009)
(All games)
Hitting minimums - 1 Games
Pitching minimums - 1 Games
Fielding pct
------------
1. 18 FLORES, Wigberto. 1.000
1 LOVEJOY, Kevin... 1.000
13 SANDERS, Gerald.. 1.000
8 HENRY, Douglas... 1.000
5. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. .987
Chances
-------
1. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 211
2. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 206
3. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 157
4. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 156
5. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 117
Putouts
-------
1. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 196
2. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 150
3. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 94
4. 32 MOORE, Arthur.... 84
5. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. 82
Assists
-------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 129
2. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 77
3. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 65
4. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. 18
5. 32 MOORE, Arthur.... 14
Errors
------
1. 5 ELLISON,Damian... 18
2. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 16
3. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 12
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 7
5. 7 HALL, Alvin Jr... 6
Fielding double plays
---------------------
1. 6 WEEKS, Dustin.... 22
2. 15 CHILDRESS, Tyron. 16
3. 25 WOOLEY, Jeffery.. 11
4. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 10
5. 5 tied at........... 1
Stolen bases against
--------------------
1. 32 MOORE, Arthur.... 51
2. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. 43
3. 24 HILL, Justin..... 23
4. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 14
20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 14
Caught stealing by
------------------
1. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. 12
2. 24 HILL, Justin..... 6
22 OWENS, Terry..... 6
4. 32 MOORE, Arthur.... 4
5. 2 tied at........... 2
Steal attempts against
----------------------
1. 32 MOORE, Arthur.... 55
4 HARRISON, Jason.. 55
3. 24 HILL, Justin..... 29
4. 22 OWENS, Terry..... 20
5. 20 EDWARDS, Daniel.. 16
Passed balls
------------
1. 32 MOORE, Arthur.... 21
2. 4 HARRISON, Jason.. 17
3. 19 OWENS, Lecaris... 1
Catchers interference
---------------------